Carbohydrate gel ingestion during running in the heat on markers of gastrointestinal distress     

Jenna Sessions  Kelsey Bourbeau  Mattina Rosinski  Taylor Szczygiel  Rachael Nelson  Naveen Sharma 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1064-1072

The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise in the heat by measuring markers of gastrointestinal damage and inflammation. Methods: Active subjects (n?=?7) completed two 60-min running trials in a heated environment (70% VO₂max, 30°C). At minute 20 of exercise, subjects consumed a carbohydrate gel (Cho) (27?g), or a non-carbohydrate placebo (nCho). Plasma endotoxin, I-FABP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and MCP-1 were measured pre-exercise, 20-min post-exercise, and again 2-h, and 4-h post-exercise. Results: Endotoxin increased 20-min post-exercise compared to pre in the Cho trial only (p?=?.03). I-FABP levels increased 20-min post-exercise in the Cho trial only compared to pre-exercise (p?=?.003). I-FABP levels were also increased in Cho trial 20-min post-exercise when compared to same time point in the nCho trial (p?=?.032). TNF-α increased 20-min post-exercise in the Cho trial only compared to pre (p?=?.03). Plasma IL-6 concentration increased 20-min post-exercise when compared to pre in both the Cho (p?=?.002) and nCho (p?=?.009), but remained elevated at the 2-h time point in the nCho trial (p?=?.03). I-FABP and several plasma cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, Il-6) returned to baseline sooner in the Cho trial. Conclusions: Ingestion of carbohydrate gel during exercise in the heat enhances markers of gastrointestinal wall damage.  相似文献   

The Partisan Affect of News Seekers vs. Gatekeepers: Linguistic Differences in Online vs. Front-Page News in Campaign 2012     

Maegan Stephens  Sharon E. Jarvis 《Communication Research Reports》2016,33(3):275-280

This article examines if patterns in online news seeking privilege stories featuring more linguistic markers of partisan affect than those positioned by traditional gatekeepers on the print front page. Online “most-read” and print front-page stories covering 8 weeks of the 2012 presidential campaign were submitted to computer-assisted text analysis (n = 302). Guided by research on online and partisan affect, this study hypothesizes that (a) “most-read” stories will feature more supportive language than stories placed on the front page by traditional gatekeepers when the news outlet has a reputation for supporting the incumbent party; and (b) “most-read” stories will feature more antagonistic language than those placed on the front page by traditional gatekeepers when the news outlet has a reputation for supporting the challenger party. The findings show how online audiences opted for stories that featured more linguistic markers of preferred partisan affect than journalists and editors placed on Page One.  相似文献   

Reading/Writing Multilingualism: language,literature and creativity in the multilingual classroom          下载免费PDF全文

Rachael Gilmour 《English in Education》2017,51(3):296-307

This article examines the relationship between the discipline of ‘English Literature’ and the contemporary multilingual classroom. It argues that, although our field has often been cast as a kind of corrective to the ‘problem’ of language diversity by helping to teach language norms, literature can – and should – be made a preeminent space for students to reflect on their own experiences of language diversity, and to translate this into self‐reflexive critical tools to think about language in literature. As an example of this kind of practice in action, the article discusses the experience and outcomes of a project in the English Literature department at Queen Mary University of London, Reading/Writing Multilingualism, which involved year 10 and 12 students from two local secondary schools who have English as an additional language.  相似文献   

Teaching social communication to children with autism     

Casey Stephens 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2011,27(2):192-193

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Review essay: Narrative and biographical methods in education and social sciences research     

David Stephens 《International Journal of Educational Development》2011

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Roda Boa, Roda Boa: Legitimate peripheral participation in diasporic capoeira     

Neil Stephens  Sara Delamont 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2010

Capoeira, the Brazilian dance and martial art, is taught across the world. Learners acquire vital knowledge and are socialised as capoeiristas through legitimate peripheral participation, in particular when watching games in the roda. The roda, the circle within which the capoeira game is played, is a classic place for learning by legitimate peripheral participation to occur. Watching, listening, and feeling the energy of the roda are central to the acquisition of capoeira abilities and capabilities, especially the tacit, indeterminate knowledge and skills.  相似文献   

Post-exercise ingestion of a unique, high molecular weight glucose polymer solution improves performance during a subsequent bout of cycling exercise     

Stephens FB  Roig M  Armstrong G  Greenhaff PL 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(2):149-154

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of post-exercise ingestion of a unique, high molecular weight glucose polymer solution, known to augment gastric emptying and post-exercise muscle glycogen re-synthesis, on performance during a subsequent bout of intense exercise. On three randomized visits, eight healthy men cycled to exhaustion at 73.0% (s = 1.3) maximal oxygen uptake (90 min, s = 15). Immediately after this, participants consumed a one-litre solution containing sugar-free flavoured water (control), 100 g of a low molecular weight glucose polymer or 100 g of a very high molecular weight glucose polymer, and rested on a bed for 2 h. After recovery, a 15-min time-trial was performed on a cycle ergometer, during which work output was determined. Post-exercise ingestion of the very high molecular weight glucose polymer solution resulted in faster and greater increases in blood glucose (P < 0.001) and serum insulin (P < 0.01) concentrations than the low molecular weight glucose polymer solution, and greater work output during the 15-min time-trial (164.1 kJ, s = 21.1) than both the sugar-free flavoured water (137.5 kJ, s = 24.2; P < 0.05) and the low molecular weight glucose polymer (149.4 kJ, s = 21.8; P < 0.05) solutions. These findings could be of practical importance for athletes wishing to optimize performance by facilitating rapid re-synthesis of the muscle glycogen store during recovery following prolonged sub-maximal exercise.  相似文献   

Juris Dilevko and Lisa Gottlieb, Reading and the Reference Librarian: The Importance to Library Service of Staff Reading Habits, McFarland and Company, Jefferson, NC (2004) ISBN 0-7864-1652-1 269 pp. $45.00 (paper).     

Annabel K. Stephens 《Library & information science research》2005,27(4):551-554

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Nina Matheson elected to Institute of Medicine     

Stephens P 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1993,81(4):448

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The Quality of Primary Education in Developing Countries: who defines and who decides?     

David Stephens 《比较教育学》1991,27(2):223-233

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